![]() May not be an adequate carbohydrate energy source for pre or post workout We incorporated both premade, bottled protein shakes as well as protein powders that can be mixed with water or milk of your choice or added to a smoothie. When considering what protein shake to buy, consider the amount of protein, protein source, ingredients, and price. So if you find yourself in need of a protein boost, a protein shake can be a quick and convenient way to help you meet your needs. Bohling, MD, a family medicine specialist at Mercy Medical Center in Maryland, says, “People who may benefit from protein shakes include people who aren't getting enough protein in their diet because of dietary restrictions, those who are trying to lose weight, or anyone trying to build muscle.” Additionally, protein shakes can be a good option for people looking for a high-protein breakfast or snack on the go. However, there may be situations in which a ready-made protein shake can come in handy. Protein can be found in foods such as meat, poultry, fish, eggs, dairy products, tofu, tempeh, and in varying amounts in grains and legumes. According to the American College of Sports Medicine, protein needs can usually be met through diet alone, without the use of supplements. ![]() Adequately refueling with enough protein and carbohydrates after exercise is critical if you want to optimize your training and recover quickly. We are left with several hypotheses and more questions, but with a clear direction.The protein needs of active individuals are higher than the general population. Indeed, presence of viral proteins has been associated with hyperinflammatory responses such as in severe COVID-19 or the notorious multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Given myocarditis also occurs after other vaccines, it is likely that the presence of circulating spike is a biomarker rather than the causal agent. The implications of this finding are unclear, since it is yet unknown how the spike protein evades cleavage or clearance, especially in the setting of a normal adaptive immune response, or whether in itself is pathogenic. Patients who developed postvaccine myocarditis had persistently elevated free spike protein in circulation, which correlated with evidence of cardiac injury and inflammatory cytokines. In summary, the data show that adaptive and T-cell immunity responses were normal in recipients of mRNA vaccines, both with and without myocarditis. ![]() The investigators used a thorough approach in teasing out the various aspects that could underlie vaccine-induced myocarditis. This is a great example of a study with mostly negative findings which are, however, insightful. However, inflammatory cytokine levels were altered, with elevations in interleukin (IL)-8, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-10, interferon-gamma and IL-1-beta, reflecting innate inflammatory activation. There were no differences in antibody levels (anti-spike, anti-receptor binding protein, immunoglobulin M, IgG, IgA, or anti-Fc), auto-antibodies, or antibodies to common respiratory pathogens. With regard to T-cell responses, there were no major differences in various T-cell subsets (effector, effector memory, spike-specific, interferon-gamma and degranulating). Levels of free spike did not differ between males and females, and remained elevated for weeks in a subset of patients with repeated blood collections. Levels of full-length spike protein (33.9 ± 22.4 pg/mL), unbound by antibodies were markedly elevated in the plasma of individuals with postvaccine myocarditis, whereas no free spike was detected in asymptomatic vaccinated control subjects (unpaired t-test p < 0.0001). ![]() Total neutrophil count was higher in patients with myocarditis compared to those without, albeit remaining in the normal range. All patients had elevated cardiac troponin T levels (median 260 ng/L) and C-reactive protein levels (29.75 mg/L). The cohort of myocarditis patients consisted of mostly males (n = 13 of 16) who experienced myocarditis after the second dose (n = 12 of 16), within the first week after vaccination (median of 4 days).
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